German pension refund for Japanese nationals: eligibility, bilateral agreement, and claim process.
Japan and Germany have a bilateral Social Security Agreement. As a Japanese citizen who worked in Germany, about 9% of your gross salary was paid into the pension system. If you contributed fewer than 60 months and now live outside the EU, you can likely reclaim your contributions. The agreement can combine Japanese and German months — check whether refund or pension is the better route. Average refund across 3,500+ cases: EUR 12,926.
“Got €16,400 back. Camilo kept me updated every step.”
James T. · Canada
What to check first
Country pages should narrow the likely route, not replace the full refund review.
The first job is orientation: current residence, voluntary contribution questions, waiting periods and document readiness still need to be checked together.
Current residence outside Germany still matters first
Country intent usually starts with residence context, because that can change which pension route is more realistic.
The 24-month rule and the broader contribution history remain core
A country page should never imply that nationality or current location alone decides the outcome.
Document and transfer details matter early in cross-border cases
Identity documents, current address details and payout handling often shape how smoothly a case can move after the fit is clear.
The Japan-Germany Social Security Agreement and its impact on your eligibility.
The bilateral agreement between Japan and Germany allows contribution months from both countries to be combined toward the 60-month pension threshold. If the combined total is under 60 months, a refund is the standard path. If over 60 months, a regular pension may apply. For Japanese citizens now living in Japan: a refund is generally possible 24 months after the last German contribution, provided you have fewer than 60 combined months.
Common questions that usually come up on country pages
Who can claim a pension refund?
Pension refund is usually relevant for people who paid into the German pension system, may not fit the standard pension path and want to check whether reclaiming contributions makes more sense than waiting for regular retirement benefits.
ExploreDo I have to wait 24 months for a pension refund?
In many refund cases, the 24-month gap after your last mandatory contribution is part of the timing logic. The exact fit still depends on your insurance history and whether another pension route is more relevant, so it should be checked in context first.
ExploreReady to move from country-specific research into the actual refund path?
Use the country page to get the first orientation right, then continue into Pension Refund or contact if the case needs more human guidance.
